GC/MS Profiling, Antibacterial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antibiofilm Properties of Anethum graveolens L. Essential Oil: Molecular Docking Study and In-Silico ADME Profiling

Anethum graveolens L. has been known as an aromatic, medicinal, and culinary herb since ancient times. The main purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-quorum sensing activities essential oil (EO) obtained by hydro-distillation aerial parts. Twelve components were identified, representing 92.55% analyzed oil. Limonene (48.05%), carvone (37.94%), cis-dihydrocarvone (3.5%), trans-carvone (1.07%) identified constituents. Results showed that EO effective against eight bacterial strains at different degrees. Concerning antibiofilm activity, limonene more biofilm formation than when tested using sub-inhibitory concentrations. results anti-swarming activity P. aeruginosa PAO1 revealed A. induced potent inhibitory effects in swarming behavior strain compared limonene, with a percentage reaching 33.33% concentration 100 µg/mL. ADME profiling phytocompounds confirms their important pharmacokinetic drug-like properties. in-silico molecular docking approaches reveals high binding score between compounds target enzymes involved antibacterial (QS) activities. Overall, highlight possible use prevent food contamination foodborne pathogenic bacteria.